My Philosophy of Nursing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

My Philosophy of Nursing - Term typography ExampleIt is this dependence that brings in the essential human touch to the relation between the patient and the nurse. as yet as a nurse discharges professional duties, he or she is not immune to the physical and affable condition of the patient, his craving for care/regaining normal health/fears about death/worldly concerns etc., or personal issues that concern the nurse himself / herself. Therefore, nursing profession is impacted by the customer conditions and subjectivity.Philosophically speaking, a phenomenological approach of Husserl helps us to come to correct view on any given situation by identifying the surrounding facts and avoiding predetermined notions, in other words, objectivity as opposed to subjectivity (caring-matters, 2009). A care-giver has to go forth service objectively eliminating subjective issues and keeping at arms length any issue that whitethorn give rise to moral or ethical conflicts.According to Crigger, Th e discovery of conflict of bear on relationships withal negatively impact patient and public trust. Many disciplines are addressing this professional issue, but little take shape has been done towards understanding and applying this moral category within a nursing context (Crigger, 2009). Conflict of engross arises when the care-giver is in a position of willfully causing harm to a patients life, either due to force of circumstances and/or for personal gain.To conclude, ethical and moral considerations of nursing profession ask that a nurse does nothing that would even remotely attach a stigma of negligence or of personal gain in the process of caring for a patient.Crigger, N.J., Towards understanding the nature of conflict of interest and its application to the discipline of nursing, Nursing Philosophy, Issue 10, Volume 4, (pp. 253-262), Available at

What form of market structure best describes the supermarket chain in Essay

What melodic phrase of commercialize structure best describes the supermarket chain in the UK Explain your answer using examples - Essay typeThese have led to many analysts accusing them of taking advantage of their market power to evolve an unjust advantage. The Competition Commission (CC) confirmed this indicating that they indeed enjoyed higher gross profits as comp ard to similar firms in other countries, though their return on capital employed (ROCE) was substantially lower (Smithy, 2002).The total UK food market stores sales in 2005 growd total sales volume of approximately 120 billion, which was an increment of 4.2 percent from the introductory year. In this category, grocery items contributed 95, which peaks for almost half of all retail sales and 13 percent in household spending. The Office of Fair Trading (OFT) reported that by 2005, the five largest supermarket chains had a market share of grocery items of approximately 75 percent (OFT, 2006). The OFT reports that the expansion of the large supermarket chains into the public convenience store sector (those below 280 sq metres) had considerably expanded this market segment, from 54 stores in 2000 to 1306 by 2005 in spite of appearance the UK market.According to IGAD Research (2009), there are 92,796 grocery stores located in Britain by end of 2008. This are divided into four main segments including convenience stores traditional retail hypermarkets supermarkets and superstores and online channel See Figure 1. IGAD Research reports that by 2008, the UK grocery market had grown to 146.3bn, a 4.8 percent rise from 2007. Clarke (2001) reports that the big five supermarket chains account for half of all food retail sales within the UK market while the two largest (Tesco and Sainsbury) require a market share of third of the market share. Due to their predominance, these supermarkets have evolved monopolistic tactics since they avow the downstream market or the retail level hence are able to fix prices to generate higher profits by using their market power

Public Policy & Government Regulation in Global Management Research Paper

Public Policy & Government Regulation in Global Management - Research written report ExampleEnergy is the heart of global warming. The production of electricity using fossil fuel is whizz of the prime reasons for the increase in global temperature. Global warming is liable(predicate) to lead to a total in demand for the hitting energy and increase the demand for cooling energy. The production of energy is presumable to be halted by the increasing temperatures and a shortage of water supply. Energy production and distribution systems whitethorn get exposed to the bestride in sea levels. Climate changes can affect some renewable energy resources in the nation.Sea Level rise, as well as storms, would increase the risk of major(ip) impacts. Flooding resulting from the increasing downpour would increase the risk of disruptions and delay in rail, air and road transportation. The rise in heat might limit transportation operation and lead too pavement and transport damage. Some corps show good responses to lofty carbon dioxide and low levels of warming. Extreme circumstances such(prenominal) as drought and downpour would reduce crop yields. Also, diseases, pets, and insects get benefited from warming. Global warming has affected the factors that entertain the decomposition and growth. Vast amounts of the shift have been seen in the timing of animal migration. Deserts and dry-lands are likely to become a lot drier.Global warming has an increased risk of deaths and illness due to the perfect heat. Global warming would make it more challenging for the health authorities to meet the air woodland standards. Children and old are likely to be most vulnerable.

Unit 3DB The Green Revolution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit 3DB The Green Revolution - Research Paper ExampleIn this regard, competency saving should be highly rated and considered if indeed the long term effects of environmental conservation are to be realised. In order to reduce personal energy consumption, the following changes rear be made that would in the long run create a significant difference. To save car fuel energy consumed on daily drives to work, commuter trains and or bicycles can be used to achieve the same. This will not save reduce gasoline fuel consumption, but also help in environmental pollution. Concerning the other forms of energy use, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as the ones on lighting heating and cooking, renewable energy, specifically, solar and wind energy can be utilised. These energy forms are sustainable and also clean.On the other hand, to increase energy qualification requires discipline in the use of already in place energy sources. This means small changes such as switching off unnecessary lights ar ound the house, and victimization energy in effect(p) light saver bulbs. In increment to this, electric appliances should be used as per the manufactures specifications. Household electric appliances account for closely thirty per cent of home electric consumption. Therefore, efficient use will directly translate to efficient energy consumption.An electric vehicle consists of electric motors that are used to drive the car. These can be powered externally, through stored electric energy such as batteries, and through an internal energy source such as generators. Electric cars are considered to be efficient, clean, and most of all environment friendly. In this regard, yes I would leveraging an electric vehicle because of its long term benefits. Fuel costs are bound to rise, that is guaranteed, In addition to that fossil fuel is not renewable and as such contributes to environmental degradation. Based on this alone, using an electric vehicle contributes to energy conservation, ha s long term cost benefits, and is also energy

How China and Japan reacted to the war on terror Essay

How China and Japan reacted to the war on terror - Essay ExampleThe attack in US surprised the entire planet era simultaneously triggering some paradigm shifts throughout the globe, but the latest shift has not resulted in a situation that can be equated to that of the cold war period when the US paradigm was the model that was use by other nations (Seidler, 2013, p. 72). Tokyos population has been wondering whether a prolonged war on terrorism might obligate the prime minister to utilize his political capital to take blow up in the coalition to fight terrorism, thus leaving limited resources to address the nations frugal issues. Recently, scholars at a seminar considered newer roles for four nations the US, Japan, Russia and China, with all of them contributing through military and politically towards the war on terror (Borgu, 2004, p. 52). It is likely that the degree of meaningful cooperation between the nations in this strategic alliance testament step to the fore out of nec essity. The importance of China will increase and as a member of the WTO and the UN Security Council as well as a GDP of 7 percent annually and experience in traffic with terrorism, China will most definitely be a strong partner. Additionally, the close relationships that China has with Pakistan will assist in keeping the Islamic nation in the coalition that is led by the US. The parsimoniousness of China will benefit from the accession to WTO as resources will be allocated in a more than efficient manner moving into the labor-intensive industries of China.

A critical review of the potential of certification to assist in the Essay

A critical review of the potential of certification to assist in the development of to a greater extent sustainable tourism - Essay ExampleThis is in respect to the varying qualitys of tourism found in different destinations, including the unique presence of niche tourism segments, as well as mass tourism in general. Essentially, it regards the portrayal and upholding of specific values, which make a great global difference, not only in reference to the millions of global travelers, by also those directly impacted by existing tourism. Above all, it entails the Lords Supper of responsible tourism, which is aimed at making positive differences to tourist destinations, the local populations present, and fundamentally so, the environment.Sustainable tourism is essentially, the taste of making the lowest possible impacts on not only a given regions environmental ecosystems, barely also the local cultures present. The culture aspect regards the traditions, way of life, folklore and her itage present, which uniquely position such regions as distinct tourism destinations. In addition, as Mowforth and Munt (1998) portray, is the requisite aspect of job probability creation for the local populations, thereby enabling greater wholesome sustainability of such regions and destinations. The ultimate aim of this type of tourism is ensuring the development achieved, provides a foundation of positive experience, for not only the tourists and tourism companies at large, but also the local residents (Mowforth & Munt, 199844).Thus, sustainable tourism pertains to the adopted practices implemented in successful eco-tourism. As a term, sustainable tourism is often interpreted in oxymoron terms. This is informed by the fact that tourism as an activity, majorly depends upon, and continuously increasing air transportation (Mowforth & Munt, 1998490). Unfortunately, this mode of transportation is linked to the contribution of significant amounts of nursery gas emissions. These are e mitted from combustion, rising high into the stratosphere and hence contribute to the

The historic Development of Chinese Private International Law Article

The historic Development of Chinese Private world-wide Law - Article ExampleFollowing the enactment of the process of reform and the opening-up in 1978, the destiny of mainland China has never been the same. For the last three decades, China has realized progress on an unprecedented magnitude. Its economy is skyrocketing as the jural system undergoes continuous improvements. We can deduce that it is the reform policy coupled with the opening up that has attracted the worldwide community to China. This guiding principle has also enabled China to familiarize itself and have an understanding of the multinational arena2.Within the last three decades, China has also witness a tremendous development in its legal academy, an impact of which much greater research and high number of improved performances have been boost and promoted. A case in point is the development of cliquish international law. The nations private international legal structure has turned out to be more comprehensive , efficient and effective, especially in view of the actualization of Chapter IX of the draft Civil Code. It is possible to project with certainty that in the a few(prenominal) years to come, the Chinese private international legal structure will be one of the virtually popular systems in the planet, with respect to both structure and composition3.The inception and growth of law and the social linguistic context within which it exists are inseparable. The things that private international law oversees are the international civil and commercial legal link. As such, its occurrence and progress cannot be realizable without clear-cut state policy together with a social environment in under which the Chinese can enjoy equal interaction with the international community. Since 1949, a period when new China was formed, to 1978, owing to historical reasons, China was in a relatively confined social environment4.It was not possible for the nations private international law to distribute

Beat Generation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Beat Generation - Essay ExampleThe conclude edition was not published till six years after Kerouac wrote it in one lengthy paragraph in 1951. In 1957, the Beat poem Howl (by Kerouacs acquaintanceship Allen Ginsberg) had gained unsavory write up the newly published On the roadway was proficient to ride the wave of attention in the get the better of as well as make Kerouac an immediate celebrityOn the Roads cross-continental journeys atomic number 18 about Kerouacs trips, mostly by car and bus and often accompanied by his friend Neal Cassady, the frenetic, charismatic, independent scholar from the West. Cassadys name in the novel is Dean Moriarty. The novel begins with Dean and Sal enlightenment (Kerouac) meeting in refreshed York City and progresses through four mostly fast-paced trips, back and frontward amid New York and California, up and down the Eastern Seaboard, along the Gulf Coast, and downs into Mexico, with notable stopovers in Denver and New Orleans, the latter to visit Old Bull Lee (William 3). The open road, poverty, drugs, alcohol, jazz, hunger, sex, speed, and characters met along the way create fervent situations that allow the travelers to observe, react, and consider while becoming more familiar with their own identities.The novels cardinal principal characters are the narrator, Sal, and his companion and hero, Dean Moriarty thinly veiled versions of Kerouac and his friend Neal Cassady. The book unfolds as a loosely connected series of episodes that document the pairs adventures during a drunken and drug-ridden odyssey through the unify States. Along the way, they meet and befriend an unforgettable gallery of American types jazz singers, drug addicts, hitchhikers, and drifters. Their journey culminates in a revealing and darkly humorous stay in Mexico (Challi p 10).Much of On the Road is barely disguised autobiography, a document attesting to the

Amy Grace Academy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Amy Grace Academy - Essay ExampleOn going through the appropriate websites, AGA has receive to know that government grants are announced each year to release grant money of up to $30,000 for new projects (Ron Wainrib). AGA is also aware that this fund is accessible to lots more people. Hence, to make a effort for winning the grant it is necessary to write a concrete proposal with information concerning the get hold of and different details and make these as accessible as possible to the grantor.The need for digital technologies is to supplement facilities for test speaking skills. Today, there is great need for trained workers with speaking skills and abilities. The communication business is doing well and we give care to give our students the means to take a look at something that they whitethorn be involved in at some point in the future.An article on Delivering a Quality Grant device (Don Peek) provides some ideas on writing a proposal. The article is well written but it do es appear that the grantor need details of the way the money will be spent from the time it is disbursed to the moment of success when the digital technologies are installed and are successfully used by the students.Details about the information that must be provided in the proposals do non appear very encouraging. First, there are the objectives to be listed followed by other list explaining how they are proposed to be achieved. Next, there are goals and the timelines when the goals are likely to be achieved.What is petrifying is the concomitant that after having provided all details in the proposal, the end result could be a damp squib. But, on second thoughts, is it worth taking all the trouble to see if the grant would be available later on all, there are other ways and means to plague the required cash. AGA could use these means to raise funds. It is in better position to make a general proposal and circulate it among the parents and other well-wishers. at that place is no question about the funds coming in. Although AGA does not have any idea how practically money could be collected in this fashion, it is better to follow this route where there is a take in charge of raising funds (D.M. Mithani, p253).Of course, AGA could alter information somewhat to make the proposal appear meaningful to the grantors. AGA could citation in the proposal that the digital technology is for use in the Science department (Science and Technology). But this would not be fair or ethical.Ultimately, the purpose of making a proposal for the grant will not be defeated if it is made alongside a general fund raising campaign. It is like having the streak and eating it too. Nonetheless, this is a better approach than solely depending on the grant which may or may not come (Damodar Gujarati & Sangeetha, p496).ConclusionEach part of the source supports specific aspects of the grant application requirements. D.M. Mithani outlines loans provided by banks to make high-cost pur chases with low-interest loans. Loans are no equivalent to grants but they are quick means to have funds and can be repaid on easy installments. Damodar Gujarati and Sangeetha explains the means for forecasting. Description of the NIH Guide for Grants, Contracts and Recovery Act and

Baby Bottle Tooth Decay Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

minor Bottle Tooth Decay - Research Paper ExampleThe first advantage associated with acquisition is the undeniably, outright reaping of an existing business. For instance if company A buys company B, the size of company A now becomes A+B, which means that there become an outright growth. This outright growth caters for the possibilities associated with starting a business and failing. It in addition caters for other basic company routines such as recruitment, placement and orientation some of which do not always end well.Leading on from the first advantage, acquisition ensures that the buyer enjoys a ready-made organizational structure, system and culture. In business, there is no denying the fact that establishing an organization may not be as difficult as establishing or setting up a organizational structure, system or culture. Gourley notes that organizational culture is defined as the sh atomic number 18d values, norms and expectations that govern the way people approach the ir work and interact with each other. This explains the extent to which organizational culture could be difficult for most businesses that are started from the scratch. Buying a company therefore saves an entrepreneur from the hassle of getting a new organizational culture in place.The very last advantage has to do with the inheritance of corporate publicity. Corporate publicity simply refers to the multifariousness of popularity a company has in the eyes of consumers and buyers. These days, most investors target well established and publicized companies when they are buying. This makes it possible for them to inherit the popularity of the existing company. It also makes money voted into publicity very minimal. The best part of inherit corporate popularity is the inheritance of customers. Customers are the lifeline of every company. It is their inputs that make up the revenues for companies. Building a inviolate customer base is however very difficult to do. When a person buys an existing company however, he automatically have the customers of the

Wall-E Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Wall-E - Essay ExampleAs far as forgivings are concerned, they left the human race many hundred years ago and exist in human spaceship sitting on floating chairs and talking to each other by videophones without any curiosity of passing time. The movie shows the savor relationship between Wall-E and EVE and their love affair is similar to human beings. With their love relationship, they enable the human beings to return to earth, as it is their joint effort to let the captain of the spaceship and others to witness a burgeon forth plant showing the sign of life on earth. Wall-E considers himself incomplete without EVE and understands about his power and cogency to exist and help others based on his love relationship.The movie has very less dialogues, but the characters unfold the message through portrayal of emotions and feelings through facial expressions. Even robots are successful in delivering their motives through their facial expressions. Wall-E ploughs continuously and b ecause of working for so long, he considers himself lonely and friendless. He befriends an insect ab initio and later on, when EVE comes, he starts chasing her and shows his love for her. He finds EVE quite changed and different as compared to himself. Wall-E seems as a human character showing all the traits of human beings, for example, he needs friends, he regards himself lonely, he gets tired, he loves EVE, he loves watching the movie, Hello Dolly and he has a personality. Likewise, the character of EVE excessively shows human emotions, feelings and a personality. With his relationship with EVE, Wall-E knows about his strength of exercising his free will. Previously, he used to work endlessly for removing the trash, but he rejects the very duty of clearing the trash and moves with EVE to the spaceship.After attain the spaceship, Wall-E enables EVE to reach the spaceship captain to deliver the plant, which is indicative of life on earth. In their test to reach to the captain, EVE

Goodwin Development Trust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Goodwin Development Trust - Essay ExampleThis demonstrates how Goodwin networks the community of interests in Hull to change the quality of life for everyone. To sum up, the Goodwin statement Our over only goal is to improve the quality of life of mass living in deprived neighborhoods. We aim to do this by helping communities and community-based organizations to develop innovative freshly services through practical learning, knowledge management, and networking, says it all. (The Goodwin Trust Link) 2 Introduction Nearly any community anywhere comprises of the Haves and the Have Nots. It is a universal phenomenon and has existed from time immemorial. However, in each era, there have been advised individuals or institutions that have taken care of the needy, poor and deserving. Usually, this was out of pity, religious teachings and occasionally out of discern for the fellow brethren. This act of charity was limited to a few of the higher strata and was not universally practiced. In the modern era, however, due to higher levels of education that are now widespread, and also due to more disinterested outlooks the community at large has started feeling uncomfortable at the existence of pockets that lag behind in education and resources. There has also been a feeling of resentment from the have not which was duly acknowledge by others. The feeling of obligation to give a helping hand has become more pronounce than ever before. Out of this has born the need to institutionalize the noble act of charity and people from all over the community participate in it.

Justification program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Justification program - Essay Exampleven the most conscious commercial-grade kitchen operations consider kitchen wastes as undesirable but inevitable part of the food expenditures that cost hospitals 4 to 8 percent in terms of food wastages (Chardoul & Coddington, 2012). In my investigation on the kitchen operations, I move over noticed that nutrition and the presence of malnutrition are very vital in the overall treatment and administer of our patients. However, I have observed that some food is not being eaten, that is, it is going to waste as a result, it is not contributing to nutrition (Bauers, 2011). I think that all the food reduction measures in particular the ones that affect the portion sizes, should be considered in consultation with the hospital nutritionists. I think inclusion of an effective Food Waste Program will be important in the kitchens, canteens and in the wards.After track down the sources of these organic wastes, I have noticed that most of them were em anating from pre and post consumer sources in the food areas. shade that some of these food wastes are in two categories Non-perishable and unspoiled perishable foods (Perry, 2014). When serving, some patients may not report for meals and these foods are returned to the kitchen, but still considered as waste. As a result, managers start seeing gaudiness of food waste generated and the costs to take the large bins away. I think that with the Food Waste Program, such wastage can be minimized by taking the food back to the kitchen. Nevertheless, I think I will like to make a distinction of the types of foods that can be taken back to the kitchen. close to types of food wastes have no value such as meat bones and onions. Conversely, there are those referred as valuable food wastes and I have observed that they are being generated both in service of the patients and at the canteens. For example, I have seen there are unserved food wastes, untouched food wastes and main office wastes . For the untouched food wastes, for example, comprise the plated food that has

How technology has affected you as a translator Essay

How technology has affected you as a translator - show ExampleThe work can easily be sent and received across the cultural and ind come uping borders. The translator may work for its clients from anywhere in the world. The market for the translator is not just especial(a) to their own city or country. However translation is still considered to be a service whose colony is based on superior degree of trust between the translators and their clients.The translator may receive his high pay work mostly from the unseen clients living across the borders, as fees paid to the translators in unalike countries may vary, however the translators still believe that the best clients are make face to face. Technology has made the distribution of the large translation mulls quite easy between the intermediaries. Suppose if the client wants to market its intersection in 15 other languages, they would simply hire a marketing high society. It is the job of the marketing profligate to hire diffe rent brokers who then assign this job to a number of translation companies that further apportion the task to the translators that are often are freelancers. In such a case the company is ordinarily paying at least three times more of what the freelance translator receives. However if the company directly assign the task to any freelancer then it be an advantage for the company as well as the freelance translator, as the company will be paying less for the same job and the translator will be receiving more.Technology has played a significant role in increase the benefits for the translators however the various consequences of the electronic communication have also increased the security risk. Translators are commonly working on the material that is out of the public domain. This is what makes trust such an important factor in this business. Therefore while sending and receiving a file the translator must be aware of ensure FTP, various forms of zipping and of encoding. There is no

Regeneration of Cartilage and Tendons in the Upper Extremities Dissertation

Regeneration of Cartilage and Tendons in the pep pill Extremities - Dissertation ExampleTheir research helped them establish that there atomic number 18 three main elements in interweave engineering and regeneration sufficient cell numbers within the defect, access to differentiation factors, cell mail carrier or matrix which fills the defect and allows cell proliferation (Gao et.al., 2007). This subject area was up to(p) to indicate that cell regeneration of cartilage in the upper extremities is only apparent with stem cells in adult somatic tissues which can mark into various lineages of experimental conditions. In critically evaluating the research methods and content of this news report, it is apparent to note that the topic chosen is truly much significant and relevant in the current orthopedic practice, especially where this practice has in so far to establish clear and effective cartilage and tendon regeneration. Unlike bones which often have mechanisms of step re generation in place, the authors focused their study on the regeneration of cartilage. The results of the study were very much back up by their tables and by the literature review they presented. Moreover, the conclusions were drawn based on the logical evaluation of results as well as the discussion of variables. The limitations of the study were discussed, mostly in relation to the small population cover which also limited the generalized applicability of the results. Difficulties in regeneration of the cartilage has also been discussed by Scheibel et.al. (2004) where the authors carried let out osteochondral autologous transplantations from the knee joints to the shoulder on eight patient respondents. Standard assessment measures were applied to the patients. after(prenominal) about 32 months from the transplantations, regeneration was seen in the cartilage indicating osseointegration of the osteochondral plugs and alignment of cartilage at the transplantation site. This study revealed that osteochondral autologous transplants in the shoulders offer viable options for lesions in the cartilage at the glenohumeral joints. The results of this study are very much related to previous studies on the subject matter in terms of the benefits of autologous transplantations for cartilage. The variables of the study were sufficiently explained and specified however, limitations of the study were on the application of ethical research practices which the authors did not specify. It is difficult to aegir the application of confidentiality as well as informed consent without the authors specifying such applications within their text. The methods of the study are nevertheless replicable and repeatable for future studies and for future reference. Funakoshi et.al. (2006) carried out their experiment on tendon regeneration at the shoulders in their study where their subjects were rabbits. They experimented on 21 rabbits in order to evaluate the feasibility of nonwoven chi tin fabrics in the one-celled matrix rotator cuff regeneration. The subjects were assessed on the cellular level at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks following surgery and intervention. The authors were able to establish the value of grafted shoulders on subjects, which exhibited type III collagen regenerated tissues. In other words, using chitin fabric as an acellular matrix helped the regeneration of the tendons in the shoulder area. This study also supports the notion which was already forwarded by previous studies where cellular regeneration on cartilage and tendons can be difficult, but can be made

Riordan Fan Manufacturing Supply Chain Team Essay Example for Free

Riordan Fan Manufacturing Supply Chain Team EssayRiordan Manufacturing is the pains leader in the field of plastic injection molding. They are a massive organization that before long operates out of three blueprintts. One plant is in Albany, GA, this is where the plastic bottles are produced. Then they do their tailored plastic fabrication in Pontiac, MI. Then in Hangzhou, China they currently operate a modify unit of the organization, this is where they produce electric fans. While forming a process design for Riordans fan performance operation, it is imperative to construct a complete proceeds dodge that includes many different phases of production, including process design, square requirements planning (MRP), accurate forecasting methods, supply chain considerations such as just-in-time manufacturing, total quality management, and a means of implementing the changes. Aggregate Production PlanRiordans current operation process is not ample for the organization to achi eve a competitive advantage. Over the past years the organization has faced tar delays, purchases from local Chinese manufacturers have not provided the required stock material based on production forecasts, and as a consequence only 93% of stock is delivered on time (University of Phoenix, 2013). Before excogitation a untried production process, Riordan has to eliminate all the bottlenecks in the production (inventory and manufacturers). Selecting alternative suppliers of motor fans ordain improve production schedules and serve well to balance the companys global forecast and improve customer satisfaction. In addition the company should apply Just in Time strategies focusing on cut raw material costs, eliminating waste and continuous production improvement. Figure 1 represents a flow graph the new process design for the production of the Riordan Electric Fans.Figure 1.Master Schedule and Material RequirementsA Gantt chart also known as a bar chart was named after Henry L. Ga ntt (Chase, Jacobs Aquilano, 2011). A Gantt chart is an important tool that helps an organization keeps track of different projects at the same time. It will also help manage the time a project will last and in which order each business needs to be addressed, which helps to keep projects on time and on budget. In the case of the Riordan plant it was suggested that tenner projects be assigned to be completed in whiz year starting January tenth. These projects are (a) the excrement of bottlenecks, (b) a new match system (test time), (c) definition of roles and responsibilities, (d) group training, (e) refresh of new match system, (f) the review of a new match system (real time), (g) implementation of the new match system, (h) implementation of JIT strategy, (i) quality go out of fan production, and (j) production and forecasting. Among these ten projects the implementation of the Match System can be classified as priority one.The Match system will streamline the receiving proc ess. By streamlining the receiving of raw materials Riordan will achieve a reduction of 10% of the operating expenses because Riordan will use less storage and less people intervention the raw material before they get to the factory. The implementation of the Match System will take one year and it is divided into two stages. Stage one is the test time that includes creation of the program to Riordan specifications and interrogatory for glitches. Stage two will be the training of employees on the program and the use of Match system in real time.Finally, a creating of a cross scheduler position is required. The investment on a master scheduler will increase the communication between sales department, finance, management, and manufacturing needs. This cross-functional position will act as a control tower to make all the process more efficient by reducing bottlenecks. With this plan ready to be delivered it is imperative to understand that these projects will fail if all the workers involved and the management team is not committed to success.

Poter Five Forces Essay Example for Free

Poter Five Forces EssayThe environment analytic thinking of Coca-cola industry washbowl be done as Buyers There are many companies to buy the squishy draw products. The companies that purchase cold drink includes Fast food franchises, food store, convenience stores and vendings. Generally, the individual buyers for subtle retails do not stick out pressure on coca-cola industry. But, the large retailers like Wal-Mart have pressure or bargainin power on the coca cola because of its large order quantity. But again , the negotiate power of the buyers is lessened because of the loyalty of the end consumers towards coca-cola. Substitutes Generally, there are many substitues of coca-cola. It includes water, coffee, tea, fresh juices, etc. Coca-cola is equal to counter its substitutes through brand equity, advertisment and easy availability. Coca-cola has been spending a huge budget on its advertisment with different concepts and it is besides easily open in almost every corner of the world. They also began to produce these substitutes (eg- pepsi) on their own to tap into that segment of the market. Barrier to entry The barrier to entry in the cold drink industry is fairly high.The franchising agreement with the existing bottling companies prohibit bottlers from taking a immature yielding drink companies. Even though there is the entry of any new soft drink company in the market, it would not be of any threat for coca-cola company. Suppliers The main ingredents of soft drink are carbonate water, phodphoric acind , sweetner and caffeine. The suppliers of these ingredents are not concentrated or differentiated. Many suppliers can be avail open easily. If a new soft drink company enters the market, it would be very easy for a new soft drink company to find a supplier willing to sell these ingredents to them.Rivalry talking about todays context , the main competitor of coca-cola is pepsi. These both soft drink is able to survive in the market giving throat to throat competition to each other. Both have their own marketing concepts, advertisment concepts and stategies. The slogan of coca-coal is Open Happiness which generally focuses on togetherness and spreading happiness. Likewise, other popping brands that became famous was Dr. Pepper because of its unique flavour. Thus, in this way the environment analysis on coca-cola can be done through Poters Five Forces Model.

Toyota way Essay Example for Free

Toyota way EssayWith a securities industry capitalization greater than the value of ecumenic pushs, Ford, and Chrysler combined, Toyota is overly, (by far), the world s most profitable automaker. Toyota s wellknown secret weapon is Lean harvestion the rotatory attack to commerce processes that it invented in the 1950s and has spend decades perfecting. Less well known are the perplexity principles that underlie Lean intersection, Lean product development, and alone(prenominal) of Toyota s business and service processes. Today businesses somewhat the world are attempting to implement Toyotasradical schema for speeding up processes, reducing waste, and up(p) flavor. But are they getting beneath the surface of Lean tools and techniques to the real foundation of Toyota s achiever? The Toyota elbow room, explains Toyotas unique approach to Lean wariness the 14 principles that drive Toyota s quality and efficiency-obsessed culture. You testament gain valuable insi ghts that prat be applied to whatsoever organization and any business process, whether in services or manufacturing. You get out discover how the chasten combination of long-term philosophy, processes, people, and problem solving can transform your organization into a Lean, engageing enterprise the Toyota Way.ForewordWhen I joined Toyota after 18 age in the U.S. automobile business, I didnt know exactly what to expect. But I was hopeful. I knew that I wasnt comfortable with the direction that American automobile manufacturing was taking, and I felt Toyota might be different. In no time at all I noticed a fundamental loss between Toyota and my previous employers. At a Toyota/GM joint venture plant in Fremont, California, called NUMMI (New coupled Motor Manufacturing), I witnessed the transformation of a workforce from one of the worst in the General Motors governance to one of the best in any manufacturing facility in the United States. The difference was the ToyotaWay. In this set aside, Dr. Liker explains the management systems, thinking, and philosophy that form the foundation of Toyotas success, providing the reader with valuable insights that can be applied to any business or situation. maculation there are many books that provide insight into the tools and methods of Toyotas work System (TPS), Professor Likers book is unique in its explanation of the broader principles at work in the Toyota culture.The Toyota Way is not the Nipponese Way or the American Way or even the Gary Convis Way of managing. It is the fundamental way that Toyota views its world and does business. The Toyota Way, along with the Toyota Production System, make up Toyota s DNA. This DNA was born(p) with the founders of our company and continues to be developed and nurtured in our current and future leaders.The Toyota Way can be shortly summarized through the two pillars that support it Continuous Improvement and Respect for People. Continuous improvement, often called ka izen, defines Toyota s rudimentary approach to doing business. Challenge every(prenominal)thing. More important than the actual improvements that individuals contri only ife, the true value of continuous improvement is in creating an atmosphere of continuous eruditeness and an environment that not only accepts, but actually embraces change. Such an environment can only be taked where there is watch for people hence the second pillar of the Toyota Way. Toyota demonstrates this respect by providing employment security and seeking to use team members through active participation in improving their jobs. As managers, we must take the responsibility for developing and nurturing mutual trust and understanding among all team members.I believe management has no more critical role than to motivate and engage large numbers of people to work together toward a common goal. Defining and explaining what the goal is, get by-out a path to achieving it, motivating people to take the journey with you, and assisting them by removing obstacles those are management s reasons for being. We must engage the minds of people to support and contribute their ideas to the organization. In my experience, the Toyota Way is the best method for fulfilling this role.However, readers of this book should understand that each organization must develop its own way of doing business. The Toyota Way is the special product of the people who created Toyota and its unique history. Toyota is one of the most successful companies in the world. I hope this book will give you an understanding of what has made Toyota successful, and some practical ideas that you can use to develop your own approach to business.Gary ConvisManaging Officer of Toyota and President,Toyota Motor Manufacturing, KentuckyPrefaceIn 1982 when I first arrived as a new protagonist professor at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, the automotive industry was in serious turmoil in the midst of a national recession. The situatio n seemed dire. The Ford Motor company was seriously flirting with bankruptcy. The Big 3 were losing market share fast.There was a lot of debate at the time over the root cause. The ships company line among Detroit auto executives was that the cause was the Japanese invasion. Japan, Inc. had banded together with industry and government colluding to set up trade barriers to prevent American cars from being sold in Japan and artificially lowering prices of Japanese cars in the United States. Of course, in the minds of U.S. companies, as long as the root cause was unfair business practices, there was no need to seriously change the way they built cars. Instead, political channels would right the wrongs.Around this time I was fortunate to be invited by David Cole and Robert Cole (two University of Michigan professors who were lead the study of the Japanese quality movement) to work on a U.S.-Japan automotive study. This research was an effort to ease U.S. companies learn from the Japan ese automakers. My project focused on how automakers worked with their suppliers on new product development in the U.S. and Japan. The numerous studies that made up the overall U.S.-Japan auto study covered many aspects of the industry, and all the studies collectively pointed to a single conclusion. Whatever was going on with Japan s government and the value of the waste and other macro-economic factors, Japanese auto companies were very good at engineering and building cars. They were not necessarily financial or marketing whizzes.They were not the leaders in advanced manufacturing technology, at least not in complex automation. They designed in quality and built in quality at every step of the process, and they did it with remarkably few labor hours. Not only were Japan s automakers good, their top suppliers were also world class in engineering and manufacturing, and they worked together as a team.But even in these early stages of my introduction to the auto industry in Japan, there were indications that Toyota was different from the other Japanese automakers. While the basic product development process seemed similar across the three automakers, and the top tier suppliers were all integrally part of the product development process, there was a sense of partnership between Toyota and its suppliers that we did not see as potently in the keiretsu of Mazda and Nissan.Later, in 1991 John Campbell and I received a award to create the Japan Technology Management Program at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, which I am still directing. The goals of this programme are to learn slightly the practices that have helped the best Japanese companies become soused globally, teach what we learn to our students and industry, and encourage technically oriented students to learn some Japanese languageand culture through courses and internships in Japan. This research program allowed me to continue my studies of the Japanese auto industry, and I chose to focus mor e intensively on Toyota, in particular its product development process and the Toyota Production System. The U.S. government grant focused on transfer of learning so I began studying Toyotas efforts to transfer its practices to its U.S.-based subsidiaries and American companies efforts to learn from Toyota.By the early 1990s all of the Big 3 auto producers had woken up to thereality of Japanese quality and concluded that Toyota was the company to beat. They were all actively studying Toyota and creating their own versions of Toyotas systems. They benchmarked the company on its production system, product development system, and supplier relationship management.Their great interest in Toyotas systems has given me an hazard to teach about Toyotas production system and product development process, and get my hands boggy consulting to implement these systems. I have had opportunities to work in America, the United Kingdom, and Mexico in industries including automotive, paint manufactur ing, nuclear displace rod assembly, ship building, ship repair, an engineering professional organization, and lawncare equipment. I have taught lean change agents from over one thousand companies worldwide, and my participation in lean transformation has given me a deeper understanding of what is bear on in transforming a culture and learning from Toyota.My studies of U.S. companies working to implement versions of the Toyota Production System led to a book I edited called Becoming Lean Experiences of U.S. Manufacturers (Liker, 1997), winner of a Shingo Prize (in honor of Shigeo Shingo who helped create the TPS) in 1998. Articles I co-authored on Toyotas product development system and supplier management in Sloan Management Review and Harvard Business Review also won Shingo Prizes. But it was not until I was invited to make unnecessary The Toyota Way that I had an opportunity to pull together in one volume 20 years of observations of Toyota and companies learning from Toyota.Rea ding this book might give you the impression that I am a strong advocate for Toyota. As a professor and social scientist, I work at being objective, but I will admit I am a fan of the Toyota Way. I believe Toyota has embossed continuous improvement and employee involvement to a unique level, creating one of the few examples of a genuine learning enterprise in human historynot a small accomplishment.Much of the research cigarette this book has come from 20 years of visits to Japan and interviews in Toyota facilities there and in the United States. When I was asked to write this book, I immediately asked Toyota for support through additional interviews specifically focused on the Toyota Way. They gracefully agreed. As it turned out, they had just launched their own internal version of the Toyota Way to keep the Toyota DNA strong as they globalize and entrust international team members to run subsidiaries. This was the pet project of Fujio Cho, President of Toyota Motor Company,who learned the Toyota Way from one of its inventors, Taiichi Ohno, and he agreed to a rare, personal interview. I asked him what was unique about Toyotas remarkable success. His answer was quite simple.The key to the Toyota Way and what makes Toyota stand out is not any of the individual elements. But what is important is having all the elements together as a system. It must be expert every day in a very consistent mannernot in spurts. everywhere a one-year period I was able to interview over 40 Toyota managers and executives from manufacturing, sales, product development, logistics, service parts, and production engineering. I gathered over 120 hours of interviews, all transcribed. Included in these interviews were several source Toyota managers who left to apply what they learned to U.S. Companies and several suppliers to Toyota. I visited many Toyota plants, supplier plants, Toyotas sales offices, a parts distribution center, a supplied parts cross-dock, the Arizona proving groun d, and the Toyota Technical Center.I have thought about what impact I would like to make on readers of The Toyota Way. First, I have had a special opportunity to get inside the culture of a unique and high performing company and wish to share my insights. Second, Toyota is a model to many companies throughout the world so I wish to provide a different look at what makes Toyota so successful. The fundamental insight I have from my studies of Toyota is that its success derives from equilibrate the role of people in an organizational culture that expects and values their continuous improvements, with a technical system focused on high-value-added flow. This leads to my third and more challenging goal to help other companies learn from Toyota and themselves so they can continuously improve on what they do.

Progress Conference Essay Example for Free

develop Conference EssayAGENDAWhat atomic number 18 the points which I was able to do correctly?What are my joint mistakes in writing?Is my topic broad enough to cover the essential parts?Are my sources credible and relevant to the topic Im writing about?Will my progress plan be effective, or should I redo it and think of other approaches?REVISIONOriginal paragraph In the pillow slip assignment, frame Hanrahan raised an issue on the riddle of illegal immigrants in the United States. He believes existent federal laws are the solution to the problem. What is lacking is the political will to implement them by the salutary agency. The vituperative thinking techniques of Brown and Keeley (2006) will serve as the model for this exercise. Hanrahans arguments are outlined below.The problem can be solved only by addressing respective demand and provision factors. The government need political will to implement fully laws covering illegal immigrant workers.Revised In the case assignment, Chuck Hanrahan raises an issue on the problem of illegal immigrants in the United States. He believes that existing federal laws are the solution to the problem. What is lacking is the political will to implement them by the right agency. The model to be use as a guide for this case assignment will be that of Brown and Keeley (2006). Hanrahans arguments are outlined below.The problem can be solved only by addressing respective demand and supply factors. The government needs political will to fully implement laws covering illegal immigrant workers.ParaphrasingOriginal referenced textBy not using critical thinking techniques, management analysts may limit their views and opinions that save scrutiny of problem situation and unwittingly are led to the wrong solutions by decision traps (Langlois, G. 2007). iterateCritical thinking techniques help management analysts to run through a broader view of a problem, leading to the right solutions and away from decision traps.PROG RESS CHECK One of the main problems that I encountered is about talking and organise with other people. In order to solve this problem, I need toAssess which information that I have is relevant or not.Decide on what course of action I have to take if the problem arises.Writing sentences which are clear and concise no matter what length it is.

Bees. Solve the problem. Essay Example for Free

Bees. Solve the problem. EssaySolve the problem.1) Find the vital value that corresponds to a degree of corporate trust of 91%. A) 1.70B) 1.34 C) 1.645 D) 1.752) The following self-assertion interval is obtained for a tribe proportion, p0.817 p 0.855 Use these confidence interval limits to find the point estimate, A) 0.839 B) 0.836 C) 0.817 D) 0.833Find the permissiveness of break for the 95% confidence interval used to estimate the population proportion. 3) n = 186, x = 103A) 0.0643 B) 0.125 C) 0.00260 D) 0.0714Find the minimal test coat you should use to assure that your estimate of will be within the required borderline of defect around the population p. 4) circumference of error 0.002 confidence take aim 93% and unkn birth A) 204,757 B) 410 C) 204,750 D) 4055) bank of error 0.07 confidence level 95% from a prior study, is estimated by the decimal equivalent of 92%.A) 58 B) 174 C) 51 D) 4Use the given degree of confidence and sample data to arrive at a confid ence interval for the population proportion p.6) When 343 college students are randomly selected and surveyed, it is found that 110 hold a car. Find a 99% confidence interval for the true proportion of all college students who own a car. A) 0.256 p 0.386 B) 0.279 p 0.362C) 0.271 p 0.370 D) 0.262 p 0.379Determine whether the given conditions justify using the margin of error E = when finding a confidence interval estimate of the population humble . 7) The sample size is n = 9, is not known, and the original population is normally distributed. A) Yes B) NoUse the confidence level and sample data to find the margin of error E. 8) Systolic blood pressures for women aged 18-24 94% confidence n = 92, x = 114.9 mm Hg, = 13.2 mm HgA) 47.6 mm Hg B) 2.3 mm Hg C) 2.6 mm Hg D) 9.6 mm HgUse the confidence level and sample data to find a confidence interval for estimating the population .9) A group of 52 randomly selected students have a incriminate score of 20.2 with a standard exit of 4.6 on a placement test. What is the 90 percent confidence interval for the mean score, , of all students taking the test?A) 19.1 21.3 B) 18.7 21.7C) 19.0 21.5 D) 18.6 21.8Use the margin of error, confidence level, and standard deviation to find the minimum sample size required to estimate an unknown population mean . 10) Margin of error $100, confidence level 95%, = $403A) 91 B) 63 C) 108 D) 44Formula sheet for final examination ExamMean Standard deviation Variance =Mean from a frequency distribution unravel rule of thumbEmpirical Rule 68-95-99.7 z score weighted meanOutliersif A and B are mutually exclusiveif A and B are not mutually exclusiveif A and B are independentif A and B are dependentComplementary eventsmean of a probability distributionstandard deviation of aprobability distribution binomial probabilityBinomial probability calculatorExactly binompdf(n,p,x)At least 1 binomcdf(n,p,x 1)At most binomcdf(n,p,x)Binomial meanBinomial standard deviationExpected val ueMargin of error pSample size p orMargin of error meanSample size meanMargin of error mean

Failing business Essay Example for Free

Failing business EssayMany are quick to entertain ones failure and slow to remember the redeeming moments. My life is no different. I am only human and I too sacrifice made my own mistakes in life. Though I sometimes have the tendency to move on from failure and perhaps forget, in that respect are galore(postnominal) who are only too quick to remind me of my past. Learning from this, I have vowed to treat to each one failure as a learning experience One that makes me stronger and makes me better. This is the lesson that I intimate from what some population would consider as one of the most ch all toldenging days of my life.I recently discovered that the quest of ones goals is non as easy as it seems. When one looks at all the happy businessmen in the world, it does not seem apparent that they had to undergo many challenges to become winnerful. Yet as I have learned, there is so much work and effort that is needed to succeed in life. This is how my archetypal business, a commercial cleaning service, became a failure but ultimately a success because I learned a very valu up to(p) lesson from it. The plan of the commercial cleaning service was simple. I had intended to take advantage of the lack of cleaning services in my area.I noticed that there were very few cleaning services and if there were any they were either inefficient, too expensive or both. Being a novice entrepreneur, I figured that this was an opportunity that was a guaranteed success after all, all I had to do was simply wisecrack better service and better prices. This was my first mistake. In reservation this assumption, I did not consider the circumstance that the ones who had established themselves before me had probably thought of these same advantages. I was naive to think that only I had the monopoly of great ideas and that others were not able to think as well.This presented the first challenge because I was unprepared for what happened. The initial costing for supplies and capital equipment was way higher than anticipated imputable to the fact that I was trying to provide quality service. Since I had already made those investments, I had to adjust my computations on Return on Investment and saw that the only way that I would be able to cover the daily expenses was to increase the price. So, instead of providing cheap and good quality service, I was constrained to offer only quality service.This unfortunately paved the way for the next problem which was the fact that I did not have prior experience in this field. While I did consider myself a neat freak, I was certainly out of my league when it came to running a commercial cleaning service. I failed to consider the fact that there are so many variables to consider and that when one has employees one has to en surely that they do their duties satisfactorily. This was no longer just a simple matter of telling people to clean some issue and making sure it was done properly. It involved going over the shi fts and ensuring that every detail was not overlooked.Aside from this, I had to alike consider the welfare of the people who were working under me. No matter how motivated I was, I could not seem to convince my employees to have the same passion and conviction. This was lesson number three for me I learned that employees are never really motivated to perform unless they have a personal stake in the matter. I needed to get them involved on a personal level and believe in offering quality service at a good price. Unfortunately, the only thing they were interested in was clearing their pay and spending their money.Suffice it to say that the business soon failed. I was disheartened by the harsh reality check that happened but I am proud to say that I have learned from this experience. I could have lost much more to learn that valuable lesson. As I look back at that memory, I greet it with a smile knowing that purge though it resulted in failure, I would not be the person I am today we re it not for that experience. The thing about life is that there is always hope and there are several chances to fail and even more chances to succeed as long as one has the drive and the passion.

Telecommuting Case Study Essay Example for Free

teleworking Case Study EssayTelecommuting has been referred to as being the next big information technology (IT) trend. This trend aside from having financial benefits also reaps environmental benefits. The majority of people wanting or deciding to telecommute, wish to do so in smart set to avoid lengthy commutes by road, rail or otherwise. Telecommuting has the potential to provide significant transportation-related world benefits.(www.cnn.com) Telecommuting is now practiced by approximately 2 million workers and could reach 7.5 to 15 million within a decade. (http//ntl.bts.gov) These 2 million workers, now being removed form the highways, can well improve the congestion and air quality. Potential beneficial transportation impacts of telecommuting include reduction in highway congestion and associated lost metre, reduced emission of pollutants, savings in energy and petroleum consumption, and fewer highway accidents.Computer and telecommunications advances in recent years, in cluding computer networks and data systems, FAX machines, and electronic mail, find dramatically widened the choice of workplace for information workers and others so they can work wherever these tools are available, including at home. These technical enhancements have provided greater worker flexibility, empowerment of employees, and a reduction I of frustration from the irritation and time loss associated with commuting. One result is that a substantial portion of the U.S. labor force, perhaps as a good deal as 30 percent, now works at home at least part of the time. (http//www.telecommute-now.org/telecommuting)Telecommuting does not necessarily mean that employees work at home. Satellite telework centers near or in residential areas, fully equipped with appropriate telecommunications equipment and services, can serve employees of single or multiple firms. These telework centers are unremarkably developed based on geographical data rather than business functions. In many cases a shared facility provides a more(prenominal) practical and satisfactory location for telecommuting than the home, and a saddle horse less threatening to traditional business management styles. Telecommuting is often practiced as exact as one or two days each week, although it can be full-time. Telecommuters are chiefly managers or professionals. However, telecommuting is highly popular to most information workers.Traffic congestion can have direct and indirect cost impacts on business activities. The direct costs of congestion that affect product costs include additional labor costs associated with longer trips made by employees during business hours, higher(prenominal) vehicle run costs, and suboptimal vehicle use. The trucking industry is both a contributor to and victim of trade congestion. According to FHWA officials, the annual cost of truck delays on freeways is between $4.2 and $7.6 billion, based on vehicle operating costs and driver time charges.Time losses on urban streets, docking areas, etc. could cat between $19.4 and $22.9 billion (excluding costs to industry such as lost sales opportunities in not having products available on time). (U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO). 2001. Traffic Congestion Trends, Measures, and Effects.) Indirect costs of barter congestion include increases in accidents and insurance premiums, reduced or loss of employee productivity, and increases in delivery costs. The removal of telecommuters vehicles from the highways will reduce overall congestion. All vehicles on those now less-congested roads will operate more efficiently, cleanly and safely, and the occupants will suffer less delay.

Pierre Trudeau Essay Example for Free

capital of South Dakota Trudeau Essay gateway Pierre Trudeau an eternal Canadian body semi policy-makingist could be right richly ascribed for building the strong foundations of federalism in Canada in the turbulent period of the 1970s and the 1980s. He represented the quintessential Canadian dis screenested politician of his times, hobnobbing with the likes of prat Lennon and Yoko Ono while imposing what just about say the draconian state of war Measures Act in 1980 to quell the wafture of terrorism unleashed by the separatists in Quebec. Unafraid to speak and act as per his personal proclivities in a World which was adjusting to the rise of Communism, Trudeau pr howeverted its backlash into Conservatism and ultra nationalism as seen in Quebec, affect the rural area as a whole. His vision of nationalism included acceptance of plurality in a multi ethnical state, represented by introduction of bilingualism in Canada at his behest. The force of his personality supported t he strength of his ideas thereby making him a strong object of worship as well as revulsion. It was thus only when natural that Trudeau would be finding some(prenominal) detractors particularly amongst the Francoph one(a) of Quebec. Pierre Trudeau is seen as a villain in cut Canada due to his vitriolic contrarian personality, his espousal of the liberal ideology representing the virtual counter culture of the 1970s and his strong espousal of federalism which came in direct confrontation with Quebec nationalism.Contrarian PersonalityTrudeaus flamboyant personality, his disrespect for dinner dress authority represented by the famous pirouette behind the Queen of Englands back provided reasons to his detractors to elude down his achievements. Trudeau born in a French Scottish background and educated in the College Jean-de-Brebeuf maybe was well set to be a nationalist as well as a clerical fascist.i Fortunately the vistas of his personality opened as he traveled widely and came i nto intellectual contact with liberals as Jacques Maritain and John Locke.The baffle of these years of travel and study, in France, UK including the London School of Economics and the United States jade an undefinable imprint of political liberalism on his personality. It withal strangely brought him closer to figures as the British lead off band Beatles. His rejection of the Second World fight did not go too well with nationalists and believers who continued to f all told in faith in the values for which the War was being fought. He is also reported to have verbalise at an anti draft rally thus being expelled from the Canadian Officers fosterage School for indiscipline. All this was not suited to suppressear him universally and provided fodder to the French Canadians. After the War he became the leading dissident against the ideas of conservatism from both sides of the Anglo French divide in Canada which was expanding each day. This along with his dabbling in trade unionis m with a redness touch was anathema to the political class of the times. The Marxist leaning was evident with the ban imposed on him in the United States for attending a conference in Moscow. However his extreme liberalism and cantankerous personality led him to even throw a hoodwink ball at the statue of Stalin in the Russian capital much to the chagrin of his hosts. The oddities in his personalities were evident when he continued to criticize the Canadian open-handed party despite being one of its ideological supporters for arming missiles in Canada with nuclear warheads.The wave that swept him to the leadership of the Liberal party in 1968 perplexed m any as a left wing politician with liberal ideas, people were quite skeptical near his approach. Yet the bring for sweeping changes in a nation which was shaping its identity found him principal the Liberals in 1968. The plethoric support of the nations youth also resulted in an antagonism growth against him in the older, more conservative generation. His defiance of the rioting mobs on the Annual Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day parade in 1968 moved umpteen voters to bring him to the centre stage in national politics.The fiery personality was one reason for the large body of antagonists that genuine against the liberal, youthful, defiant and unafraid Prime Minister of a nation in the midst of a crisis of identity in people of two highly dominating cultures, the Anglophonic and Franco phonic, as if the supremacy in Europe post Second World War was being fought in Canada. Pierres invocation of the War Measures Act in the crisis riven month of October 1970, won him detractors even within the Liberal Party, such were the strong reactions that were invoked by his personal leanings and proclivities. Trudeaus detractors frequently called this behavior as a talk over attempt to grab the attention of the media. consequently his personality had a major role to play in Pierres unpopularity amongst the French Can adians.Liberal Counter Culture As a leader of the political and social counter culture in Canada, Trudeau was well poised to invite many detractors. Truadeaus liberal antecedents can be traced back to his days in the University of Montreal as an associate professor of law, where he developed his personal proclivities to support individual rather than state rights. Persuaded by friends, Pierre Trudeau was elected to the Canadian household and soon became a Minister for Justice in the Liberal cabinet of Pearson. The liberal in him cut repealing many conservative laws such as on homosexuality and divorce, earning the ire of the conservatives some of them influential personalities as the Quebec Premier, Daniel Johnson, Jr. His left leanings were a permanent stigma that he had to carry in a westbound region which was attempting to fight Communism through out the World. The contrarian liberal in Trudeau however was seen doing an about turn, when confronted with the worry of separatis t terrorism in October 1980. The firm action to quell terrorism through invocation of the War Measures Act was anathema to liberals, who never seem to have forgiven him. The creation of a multicultural society has been frequently construed as the creation of a British society with a Canadian identity. The other cultures in Canada including the French were deemed to be assimilated within this primarily anglophile culture of the rural.ii This facet has rankled many French liberals, who deem that such a society has not emerged naturally solely some how created by the likes of Trudeau. Some liberals even agitate him of creating stereo types with a view to construct an over arching social organisation of a nationalist governing in the garb of liberalism.iii However Pierres strongest adversary came from the Francophone of Quebec, who saw in him the principal opposition to their movement. During the October Crisis of 1970 when the Front de Liberation du Quebec (FLQ) carried out a seri es of kidnappings in the province including the British Trade Consul and the Quebec repulse Minister, Trudeau did not hesitate in invoking the War Measures Act to give the government powers to ensure that the movement was brought beneath check by arrest and detention without a trial. This was an affront to the liberals but Pierre found it good for you(p) policy instead of big(a) in to the demands of radical elements in the country.While it was Trudeau who introduced official bilingualism in Canada, giving equality to French and English in all official services of the Federal government, the Francophiles saw it to be a measure towards a multi cultural society which was seemingly anathema to them. The liberals continued to ignore the accompaniment that Trudeau ensured through his personal charisma and espousal of free ideals that the social transformation in Canada was brought about without causing revolutionary change.iv It is this social dynamism represented by Trudeau that cou ld alter the polity in the country without any civil war.Quebecs crowned headty The final core which created antagonism against Trudeau amongst the French is the immensely emotive issue of Quebecs sovereignty. As a champion of federalism and being in the office of the Prime Minister, Trudeau was able to influence the course by championing the cause of federalism against the call for Quebec nationalism given by Parti Quebecois led by Rene Levesque. While it goes to his credit that he ensured that the issue of sovereignty was resolved through the democratic process, it was his call for a new constitution in case Quebecois stayed with Canada that is said to have gone in prefer of a majority vote for sovereignty.The Quebec nationalists could never forgive Pierre, especially so when his background was French. Moreover many believed that it was due to his forceful oratory, bilingual approach and clever articulation he had caused the mood swing even against an opponent as tough as Rene L evesque. However this was the enduring legacy that he was to provide to Canada at the cost of personal popularity amidst the French in the country. Pierre Trudeau saw in his mission a need to assimilate the French and British aspirations within the Canadian national structure by reducing inter community hostilities and provide the country an effective government.v This antipathy of the French in Canada towards Pierre was to remain and has in some manner emerged as his lasting legacy in Quebec, obfuscating his major achievement in creating a federal structure which prevented fracturing of the nation, which would have proved disastrous for Quebec reducing it to a minority state. The French Canadians ascribe his strong measures by invoking the War Measures Act as central to break up of FLQ.However they frequently ignore, that the other options were barely viable, return of chaos and mayhem of terrorism in the country which would have been detrimental for Canadas political and econom ic growth. The route of democratization provided by him to the French Canadians and a peaceful path to their aspirations is frequently forgotten. Thus these detractors of Trudeau ascribe their defeat by democratic forces to the force of his personality, which may to an extent be partially true, but the birth of great nations has seldom taken place without the efforts of leaders of his caliber.The support that Pierres federalism had been consistently receiving in Quebec was frequently ignored by the French. This was evident with the capture of a majority of seats in the federal elections of 1980 by the Liberal party, though provincially the Parti Quebecois continued to remain dominant. The Quebecois also feel that it was Trudeaus ultra nationalism which destroyed their ambitions of seeking a unique relationship with the mainstream Canadians without needfully renouncing their rights for sovereignty of Quebec.viThe War Measures Act is also seen as going against the principles of democr acy. However Trudeau was a realist liberal with a reality rooted strain of liberalism which decreed that tough times required hard measures and the results achieved of suppression of FLQ in its nascence proved the righteousness of Trudeaus cause. The Constitutional Act of 1982 has also been one of the causes of his downfall amongst the liberals in Quebec.They ascribe their inability to win elections in Quebec after the Act was introduced at the behest of Trudeau. Ironically the bilingualism introduced by Turdeau some how rankled the Francophone as well. It was a sound basis for the creation of a multi cultural society, giving the strongly predominant French voice in Quebec extension to other parts of the country. Here again the aspirations of the Franco phones were not fully met as they found that they could not really use French in all parts of the country as freely as they did in Quebec, thereby they continued to bear a grudge against him in this sphere.Conclusion As the fifteenth Prime Minister of Canada, overlapping the critical period of over a decade from 1968 to 1984, with a brief interregnum of over nine months, Trudeau had an important role to play in the countrys dilemma of seeking a cultural identity. Trudeau was primarily responsible for seminal national charters such as the Charter of Rights and Freedoms which preserved Canadian identity and virtually single handedly redefined the national agenda. Above all he provided the moral foundations to the Canadian nation state denoted by LaSelva, roots of which will only kick in to its superior nationalist character as the years go by.viii McCall, Christina. Clarkson, Stephen. Trudeau and Our Times Volume 1 (Paperback). Toronto, McClelland Stewart.1997.ii Legare, E. Canadian Multiculturalism and Aboriginal People Negotiating a Place in the Nation. Identities 1 (4), 1995.iii Larocque, E. Racism Runs Through Canadian Society. In O. McKague (Ed.), Racism in Canada., Saskatoon Fifth House Publishers. 1989.i v P. Russell, Constitutional Odyssey Can Canadians Become a Sovereign People?, 2d ed.Toronto University of Toronto Press. 1993.v R. Cook, Canada, Quebec and the Uses ofNationalism, 2d ed. Toronto McClelland Stewart. 1995.vi Laforest, Guy. Translated by Paul Leduc Browne and Michelle WeinrothTrudeau and the End of a Canadian Dream.Montreal McGill-Queens University Press, 1995.vii Samuel V. LaSelva, The Moral Foundations of Canadian FederalismParadoxes, Achievements and Tragedies of Nationhood. MontrealMcGill-Queens University Press, 1996.BibliographyButler, Rick, Jean-Guy Carrier, eds. The Trudeau decade. Toronto Doubleday Canada, 1979.Butson, Thomas G. Pierre Elliott Trudeau. New York Chelsea House, c1986.Clarkson, Stephen. Trudeau and our times. Toronto McClelland Stewart, c1990 c1994. 2 v.Cohen, Andrew, J. L. Granatstein, eds. Trudeaus shadow the life and legacy of Pierre Elliott Trudeau. Toronto Vintage Canada, 1999.Couture, Claude. Paddling with the current Pierre Elliott Tru deau, tienne Parent, liberalism and nationalism in Canada. Edmonton University of Alberta Press, c1998. Issued also in French La loyaut dun lac.Griffiths, Linda. Maggie Pierre a fantasy of love, politics and the media a play. Vancouver Talonbooks, 1980.Gwyn, Richard. The northern magus Pierre Trudeau and Canadians. Toronto McClelland Stewart, c1980. .Laforest, Guy. Trudeau and the end of a Canadian dream. Montreal McGill-Queens University Press, c1995.McDonald, Kenneth. His pride, our fall recovering from the Trudeau revolution. Toronto Key Porter Books, c1995.McIlroy, Thad, ed. A Rose is a flush a tribute to Pierre Elliott Trudeau in cartoons and quotes. Toronto Doubleday, 1984.Peterson, Roy. Drawn quartered the Trudeau years. Toronto Key Porter Books, 1984.Radwanski, George. Trudeau. Toronto Macmillan of Canada, c1978. .Simpson, Jeffrey. Discipline of power the traditionalist interlude and the Liberal restoration. Toronto Macmillan of Canada, 1984.Stewart, Walter. Shrug, Trud eau in power. Toronto New Press, 1971.Vastel, Michel. The outsider the life of Pierre Elliott Trudeau. Toronto Macmillan of Canada, c1990. 266 p. Translation

Effect of cooking on amylose content of rice Essay Example for Free

Effect of cookery on amylose content of sieve EssayIn diabetes type 2, there is a deficiency of insulin which results in improper/ s cut out(p) breakdown of forage. This results in booty level spikes immediately after a meal, which screwing be harmful. Hence, diabetics must confuse food stuffs which have a slow release rate so as to not cause any spikes. In order to find out the most suitable method of cooking strain for diabetic patients, we give out the amylose content of sieve cooked by different methods and co-related it with Glycemic advocate (GI). Glycemic Index is release of glucose in the rakehell by the breakdown of carbohydrates.Higher the glycemic index, faster breakdown of food and thereby more release of glucose in the personal credit line, so immediate requirement of insulin, which can be toxic for diabetic patients. Glycemic index and amylose content atomic number 18 inversely proportional to each other. There is a wide variation in the amylose conten t of rice depending on the way it is cooked. In this paper, the effect of cooking on amylose content of rice is described victimization various experimental approaches. Various method of cooking involves traditional method, microwave and steam cooked method.The amylose content of the rice is then co-related with its glycemic index. Keywords Rice Glycemic Index Amylose Content Diabetes grooming. INTRODUCTION Rice is the most important staple food for a large part of the worlds human population, especi whollyy in East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, the spirit East, and the West Indies 6. The aw arness of the general public related to health foods has been on the rise recently and mint are looking for the right variety of rice and more efficient methods of cooking it for diabetics.Due to the low insulin concentration in the body, the release of sugar into consanguinity is less controllable than normal, leading to spikes in blood sugar after meals for them. High blood sugar, if l eft untreated, can cause dehydration, electrolyte imbalance etc. all over short term and retinopathy, nephropathy over long term. Hence, this is an acute problem faced by all diabetics. Brown rice is obtained directly from the plant and is rich in nutrients like vitamin B1, B3 and minerals like iron which can be used in preventing deficiency diseases like beriberi etc. 8.The nutrient content of consumable rice varies with the processing techniques. For example, brown rice undergoes minimal processing and thus retains most 385 Pelagia Research subroutine library Ashish Jainist et al Euro. J. Exp. Bio. , 2012, 2 (2)385-388 of the original nutrients within the grain, whereas white rice or polished rice is ingenuous of most of the nutrients as they are pushed into the husk of the grain during processing which is then removed during polishing 9. Similarly, the starch content also varies with the cooking methods viz., traditional methods or home-made or microwaved method etc. 6.Rice c ontains 2 types of starch in rice amylose and amylopectin. Amylose is a long straight starch molecule that does not gelatinize during microwave cooking 4 and hence rice with more amylose content tends to cook fluffy, with separate grains. Besides, amylose also hardens and forms during crystals during cooking and melts when the rice is re-heated. Rice that is high in amylose has a lower Glycemic Index number 1, 7.This is because amylose is harder to break down than simple sugars like glucose etc.and ensures a sustained release of sugar into blood without spiking immediately after a meal. MATERIALS AND METHODS The following reagents are used for estimation of amylose content and for preparation of standard 95% Ethanol prompt from hundred% Ethanol 1N NaOH, Iodine Potassium iodide solution Standard amyloseObtained from HIMEDIA 1N acetic acid From NICE Chemicals glasswork Borosil Water john High Precision water system bath from Acmas was used Spectrophotometer From Amersham Biosci ences to measure OD Cuvette vitreous silica Cuvette to measure OD.Software HandyGraph Software to draw graph 1N NaOH solution Dissolve 40g of NaOH in one C0ml distilled water 1N Acetic acid solution Dilute 57. 5 ml glacial acetic acid to 1000ml using distilled water Iodine Potassium iodide solution Dissolve 0. 26 g of Iodine in 10 ml of Potassium iodide solution containing 2. 6 g of KI Standard Amylose Solution Take 40mg of pure stump spud starch (amylose) in a 100 ml volumetric flask and add 1 ml of 95% ethanol and 9. 0 ml of 1N NaOH. Shake well and boil over water bath for 10 minutes and make up the solution to 100 ml using distilled water.Method We weighed 100 mg well powdered milled rice into 100 ml volumetric flask and to it 1 ml 95% ethanol and 9 ml 1 N NaOH was added. The sample was heated for 10 minutes in boiling water bath, cooled and the volume was made up to 100 ml. 5 ml was pipetted from the 100 ml into another 100 ml volumetric flask. To it 1 ml I N acetic acid an d then 2 ml iodide solution were added and the volume was made up to 100 ml. The mixture was stirred and allowed to stand for 20 minutes and the per cent Transmittance at 620 nm was dogged using a colorimeter.A series of standard starch solution containing 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% amylose was prompt as in the steps 1 to 5. The transmittance of the standards was read at 620nm and a standard graph was plotted. Amylose content of the sample was determined in reference to the standard curve and expressed on portion basis. RESULTS In dishearten 1, five different amylose solutions were prepared at different concentrations and the absorbance determine at 620nm were tell down. The absorbance readings were triplicated for standard amylose and standard graph was obtained as follows 386Pelagia Research Library Ashish Jain et al Euro. J. Exp. Bio. , 2012, 2 (2)385-388. slacken 1 Preparation of Standard Graph from Amylose Amylose Concentration (mg/mL) Blank 8 16 24 32 40 Abs 620 nm T1 T2 T3 0 0 0 0. 079 0. 072 0. 077 0. 156 0. 156 0. 149 0. 239 0. 24 0. 239 0. 321 0. 32 0. 33 0. 40 0. 40 0. 40 Avg. Abs 0 0. 076 0. 153 0. 239 0. 323 0. 40 Std. Deviation T1 T2 T3 0 0 0 +0. 003 -0. 004 +0. 001 +0. 003 +0. 003 -0. 004 0. 000 +0. 001 0. 000 -0. 002 -0. 003 +0. 007 0. 000 0. 000 0. 000.This table is used in making the graph shown below. The procedure followed to obtain these readings is described in the Materials and Methods section. T1, T2, and T3 are the triplicated values. Scale X axis 1cm 8mg/ml Y Axis 1cm 0. 08OD A b s o r b a n c e A b s o r b a n c e Amylose concentration Amylose concentration A b s o r b a n c e Amylose concentration Figure 1 The above graphs are obtained by taking Concentration on the X-axis and Absorbance at 620nm on the Y-axis for each of the set of values. 387 Pelagia Research Library Ashish Jain et al Euro. J. Exp. Bio., 2012, 2 (2)385-388.Table 2 Extrapolated values of rice cooked by different methods Cooking Method Steam Cooked Tradit ional Method Microwaved Raw Abs 620 nm T1 T2 T3 0. 169 0. 172 0. 171 0. 195 0. 194 0. 196 0. 227 0. 227 0. 230 0. 258 0. 259 0. 259 Avg. Abs 0. 171 0. 195 0. 228 0. 259 Amylose Concentration (mg/mL) 17. 35 19. 67 22. 98 25. 99 This table lists the amylose content of rice which is cooked by different methods. The values are obtained from extrapolating from the standard amylose curve. DISCUSSION.Table 3 Co-relation between amylose content and Glycemic index of rice 8 If Amylose content is high Amylose content is low wherefore Low Glycemic Index and the rice grains will show high volume expansion (not necessarily elongation) and a high degree of flakiness. The rice grains cook dry, are less tender, and become hard upon cooling. High glycemic Index and the rice grains will cook moist and sticky It is seen that amylose content is inversely related to the Glycemic index. From table 2, it is apparent that the amylose content of microwaved rice is highest after raw, uncooked rice.Hence, this method of cooking rice is the most suitable for diabetic patients as the Glycemic Index will be lowest. Since the Glycemic Index is low, the breakdown rate is slower, which prevents the sugar levels in blood from spiking just after a meal.REFERENCES 1 DJ Jenkins et al. (1981). Am J Clin Nutr 34 362366. 2 Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, et al. , N Engl J Med. 2002346(6)393403. 3 Brouns et al. (2005). victuals Research Reviews 18 145171. 4 Chiu CJ, Liu S, Willett WC, Wolever TM, Brand-Miller JC, Barclay AW, Taylor A. , Nutr Rev., 2011 69(4) 231-42. 5.Temelkova-Kurktschiev TS, Koehler C, Henkel E, Leonhardt W, Fuecker K, Hanefeld M. , Diabetes Care. 2000 Dec23(12)1830-4. 6 White Rice, Brown Rice, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in US Men and Women. Arch Intern Med 2010 170 961969. 7 International table of glycemic index and glycemic load values 2002. Am J Clin Nutr 2002 76 5-56 8 Brand-Miller JC, Pang E, Bramal L. Am J Clin Nutr 19925610346. 9 Srisawas, W. and Jindal, V. K. (2007), Journal of texture studies, 38 2141. doi 10. 1111/j. 17454603. 2007. 00084. x 388 Pelagia Research Library.

The Issue of Female Identity in the Novel The Trick Essay Example for Free

The step up of Fe anthropoid Identity in the Novel The Trick EssayThis paper examines the issues of gender within Janice Galloways novel, The Trick is to Keep Breathing. The paper considers the identicalness crisis that the character of Joy Stone in the novel faces and discloses how this crisis is triggered as a result of affectionate oppression. The Trick is to Keep Breathing is primarily a story round the mental health of an individual and tells of how she has suffered to such an extent that she has been plummeted into depression, self-loathing and anorexia. One of the key themes in the book is that of alienation.The principal(prenominal) character, Joy, is suffering from a loss, a loss that is not recognized in the eyes of society she is the schoolmistress of a dead man. Whilst the family of the man are able to openly grieve and be acknowledged for their slur in her loers life, she is forced to hide her feelings away, together with her knowledge of her lovers feelings for her, in her take in secret prison. Her position as a mistress leaves her with no place to grieve and the social constraints of society entail she is restrained from mourning.Social institutions mean that she has no justifiable relationship with Michael and therefore is without purpose, she has no existence. She is thus socially oppressed and such oppression acts as means by which Joys identity and place in the world is stripped from her. Joy has no real control over her life. . She is thus trying to grief alone and quietly but her inability to publicly release her feelings and educe recognition for how significant she was in her lover life mean that loses all self respect and she after endures a lifestyle that is devoid of any significance.She completes her daily chores with very little feeling and her future stretches earlier her in a daunting and formidable fashion. Even time is meaningless to her. Joys get d stimulate and emptiness plays out on both a psychological and a physical level. She is obsessed with her own image and allows her self perception to be negatively impacted by the magazines she reads and the inferior way in which they make her feel. The only way in which she regulatems capable of having some control over her feelings is through denying herself food.She attempts to justify herself of her sense of loss and her frustration with the way in which society treats her by starving herself and thus intertwines her identity crisis with her physical body. But the physical manifestations of her oppression only serve to enhance her feelings of loss, Empty space. I had nought inside me (147). She is increasingly becoming separated from the world in which she lives, the people who surround her and even her own body. Gender is of extremely relevance within the novel and her relationships with various male figures such as the doctors, an ex boyfriend and her boss form an important element of the story.All of the men she encounters are dominant, overpowering characters who, in their own ways, wish Joy to submit to their wishes. Her memories of her ex-lover control her, the doctors think they know what is best for her and wish for her to do as she is told and other characters simply want to seduce her. However, Joy has lost all ability to dumbfound to the mens wishes and she suffers a form of breakdown one which rebels against what is socially expected of her and strives for freedom from the entrapment of the male gaze and their endless orders.She learns to create meaning for herself, not by adhering to what society deems meaningful but by defining this for herself. By stripping things of the meaning attributed to them by society she is able to rid herself of her oppression and see life in a new light. She learns that she is happier if she doesnt live by societys rules and, whilst this whitethorn her appear chaotic to an outside audience, it frees her from her personal prison.

Italian Neorealism And Bicycle Thieves Film Studies Essay

Italian Neo world And Bicycle Thieves Film Studies EssayIt is evident that Italian Neo realness and the life of post-war shaped DeSisas motion picture Bicycle Thieves (1948). However, with oft terms debate, unity spate repugn that the modelal nature of the picture maneuver overwhelms the guides potential to t all in ally a powerful semipolitical control. With reference to important aspects from the lead, Italian neorealist principles foc employ on location, lighting, typage, dcor, capable television camera shots, eye-level angles, invincible editing and insurance coverage, as wellspring as and the usage of image oneness open fire justifiably claim that the powerful political contention is non overwhelmed by sentiment, and in fact enhances the substance the film aims to give move out.The uniqueness of the Italian works, vise-a-visa other relevant cineamas, lies in their stylistic organization of elements of evident rawness, their emotional intensity, and the ir focus on current political and tender problems. (P. Adams Sitney, 1995) Thus, one is able to identify Italian Neorealism as the harmonizing of sentiment (emotional intensity) and aw atomic number 18ness of political and loving problems finished Neorealist principles, which inevitably feeds off from an happening that touched the world, and specifically as we assist in the history influence in this film Italy. This change in society brought approximately citationistics and principles which became noniceable in movie theater during this time catch. These principles non only molded the film Bicycle Thieves, scarce were white plagued to bring about(predicate) a marrow to the consultation. A message which was not overwhelmed by emotional rawness but a message of a social exertion awareness reflected with cinema.Neorealism was not only what I came to mold as a propaganda device, but an influential and signifi fuelt parkway in film history, which occurred in Italy a t the ending of World War II. (John Stubbs, 2010 pg 1) Italy moved from fascism and dictatorship, w hereby much was rotated just about a single-party position as one can clearly see in the Holocaust, to an mates and democratic society. Here we see this so in effect reflected by Bicycle Thieves when converging neorealist principles, the idea of sentiment to enhance the political statement and the apparent rawness which adds power to the social conditions with the overall statement to justifiably prove that sentiment was not a downfall to DeSicas focus.The filmmakers and directors clearly believed they had an ethical task to use cinema and film as a mean to promote the social amendment that had just occurred post the war. Ideally, it wasnt so much about the storyline of the film and its characters, but more about making the public aware of the difficulties that work people had to face. Here we see a Marxist approach on the rebuilding of Italy whereby un analogous the mytholo gy of stainless Hollywood, no single person can change the world and the ultimate society would inevitably be a classless society, as Leo Tolstroy (1882) successfully explains Everyone thinks of changing the world, but no one thinks of changing himself, for when everyone changes themselves, the world provide change.Neorealisms origin of strength lies in the documentary excellence which is used to portray the realism of the story as realism can only occupy in art from a dialectal position. (Andr Bazin, 1971) One might speculate what Bicycle Thieves would be want in semblance, however the black and clean aspect highlights the tone of the film world a bleak, depressing emotion contrary to the usage of colour which would highlight liveliness and energy and go against the tone of the film. Black and white not only attaches an emotion, but is a form of rebellion to genre and movements that found success in colour. Thus, clearly showing that the sentiment brings about the tone of t he film which enhances the message of endueing the black conditions of poverty in post-war Italy.Andre Bazin (1971 20) describes this through referring to the term reconstituted reportage. Reconstituted reportage is seen through how the every day events are shown, and the daily happenings which would baffle and did happen in Italy at that period of time. This adds, as discussed above, farther more right to the film and is not the making of a documentary but rather shown and seen in a documentary-type way through with which Bazin (1971) refers to as a journalistic style. Bicycle Thieves has gives off a documentary experience to the reference which could not be removed from the script without thereby eliminating the substantial social setting into which its roots are so deeply sunk (Bazin, 1971 20).Bazin (1971) points out that realism and justness in film is a product of artifice. Truth is an important principle of neorealism, as truth brings realism the more believable the fi lm is to the audience, the more truthful it is thus, it is seen as graphic. We see this through DeSicas film techniques extensively set out to enhance the hazard for the audience to live in the story. The real location guess aids far more freedom and looseness for mise-en-scene, to such an extend that the camera-man is unsure what to look for. An character from the film can be seen when Antonio and Bruno walk away from a car in the street, meander in the streets for a bit heading in the same direction and then suddenly they both go the opposite way. As a sweetheart, the focus of the camera comes across somewhat as uncertain as the witnesser experiences when watching a film for the first time. Here we see how such a camera technique can enhance realism and the opportunity for the audience to experience it. Another technique which is so different to Eisensteins Battleships Potempkin (1925) is that montage is avoided due to jump cutting, removing a sense of truth and realism, wit h noting that montage is, if everything, modifies realism.This can be seen through the truth of the characters the aesthetics of realism lighting, location, dcor, camera shots, camera angles and editing. This not only brings about authenticity but also creates a much stronger message for the audience. In Bicycle Thieves, there is a correlation between truth and sentiment, and truth and the political statement Which are justifiably both used in this film without over powering one other (balance) in order to positively enhance the films message. Inevitably, in order for a director to get an actual event (post-war) understood by his audience truth and realism is the virtually effective approach.Neorealism focuses on the characters and subject fields without much focus on the game itself as the plot is seen to warp the truth about people if focus is too much on the execution statement and not the input which is the reasoning for the statement and the very focal point the viewers need exposure to (John Stubbs, 2010 pg 4) Thus, the film wouldve not only been monotonous if there was no sentiment (due to there not be enough material if there was no storyline about characters and a central theme), but to roll in the hay and understand a situation, one must be put in a stance where one has the opportunity of learning a huge amount about the faith and frustrations of a human being. Equally, a monotonous film due to no sentiment from characters and a central theme, is inevitably a failed film. Through this, neorealists are able to portray truth to a greater extend through bringing about simplicity that a means of understanding the real life through everyday characters and a central theme (acquiring the bicycle back) a main appeal in films even today.Likewise, without sentiment, we wouldnt be assailable to a equilibrium between objective shots of each of the characters and subjective shots showing the audience the characters point-of-view in the social and poli tical conditions they are experiencing. One can also agree that the sentiment aids the whole use of Neorealism principles. Without characters, loose shots wouldnt be blatant to the audience (also in comparison to the few crust used close-up shots) as loose shots show freedom, which thus emphasizes truth and realism.The storyline being as simple as the count for a bicycle, doesnt take over the political statement too far away from the message. Likewise, the actual characters in the film are everyday normal people. We can see this through the workman being found in the factory, the child being found wondering around the streets and the wife being found through her writing. (Andre Bazin, 1971) This is know as Typage whereby there is no star system which immediately creates a far more realistic/truth approach and feel. Similarly, the locations and dcor are real and not built-up or do-up, the lighting is natural which attempts to present reality as it is, the editing is invincible wh ich enhances truth and the camera is free which is unrestricted and brings about a far more convincing viewing.Neorealists not only conformed to such techniques for that these techniques best suited execution of supreme realism in cinema, but is a cinema movement which brought about much rebellion too. Italian Neorealism had already provided a cinematic model for rebellion, both against the conventions imposed by the political and social states ideology (Mark Mesaros, 2010) and past cinema movements such as the success seen in montage in German Expressionism.With the storyline of the characters and the truth which is by principle brought about, I fully agree that it brings sentiment to the screens. However, it puts you (the audience) in a far more heart-felt and understanding position which I believe brings about the political statement in a far more expressive way, rather than a conjectural and cold approach. And as some agree, its not even sentimental its just painful. (The Int ernet Movie Database, 2010 retrieved 28 April)Instead of a cold theoretical approach which would entail no sentiment, we are introduced to a family who are ordinary and by no means are glamorous heros which is commonly seen in authorizedal Hollywood. Quite frankly, if we werent introduced to characters and the sentiment they bring, which play a map in this film, I personally dont think much of a political statement would be made as one needs interest to grasp a statement. As we see in Classic Hollywood, the emotional character identification influences the message of the film and is a central characteristic, contrary to Italian Neorealism where characters are everyday individuals who are put in a equal light which intention, also enhances the message this movement wishes to portray. The character of Ricci is the focus of the film, however we are not interested in him but rather what go out happen next in the films sequence of events. And even though characters bring about senti ment and the viewer starts becoming attached to the role the characters plays, in Bicycle Thieves, Bruno the son unsentimentally still criticizes and looks down on his pose. Noticeably very different to what we see in Classic Hollywood.In response to the representation of the political statement made in this film, we are clearly able to see this in noticeable scenes in the film. In the first scene, the camera follows Ricci from the unemployment gathering to his wife where the housing project is in the background, which is fully exhibited to the viewer showing the bleak conditions. We see the men and woman arguing about employment and shortage of water. This wildness on long and medium shots which appeals to the truth in the film enhances the political message due to the events getting exhibited on a whole Whereas close up would bring more sentiment. Long and medium shots show the actor loosely framed in his environment and allow the viewer opportunity to look around in that envir onment with the added enhancement of the shots taken at eye level. As well as minimize jumps and shifts through editing to bring more real life to the cinema audience.Thus we see here that sentiment is not overwhelming the political statement, but rather the political statement is actually winning dominance in the shots. Of course DeSica did move in for close-up shots every now and then which becomes a novelty and is in effect very strong and holds the base to string along the story of the characters and the central object, which is involve to (as mentioned earlier) keep the audience interested and not bored. The central object being the bicycle. They are everywhere and yet treasured, and the shortcoming of the Ricci familys position is enforced when Antonios bicycle is stolen. Here, the object brings sentiment to enforce the political statement, and what I occur even more interesting is how the title changed from Bicycle Thief to Bicycle Thieves as ultimately it becomes a vicio us cycle of survival as one has to steal their own bicycle back from the thief, therefrom becoming a thief resulting in thieves.This therefore constitutes to the message of the film, for the continuous battle of the haves and have-nots. Through the character of Antonio, it is the faith that drives him and allows him follow within his quest to find his stolen bicycle. Although DeSicas bleak realism of the post-war gives purpose to the central theme of the film, it is ultimately the conflict of human-optimism which gives the film and its political statement its power and without human sentiment, one can argue that the film would not produce affective power. If we look at three scenes, we are able to see how sentiment brings power to the political statement.In one scene we see Antonio and Maria trade in their bed linen. The camera moves away from them (long shot) and we see the heaps of bed-linen behind the counter-table. This immediately becomes a somewhat gloomy reminder of the ex tensive nature of unemployment while recognizing its effect on the heart of families household lives. Again we see how realistic the lighting is and how the framing is loose to incorporate the environmental conditions to promote the political message.In another scene we see Ricci reporting his bicycle stolen and is directed by the policeman to the piles of a standardized report cases. His account and circumstances are not singular, and we see here how it is not only this family that is going through this but also a lot of people. (Note the title Thieves and not Thief) Thus portraying the political message that goes beyond this familys personal sentiment. Here we are also shown how humanitarianism prohibited Ricci from pressing official charges anti the thief, and the same moral fiber that became apparent after he stole the bicycle. (Paul Baxa, 2011) He did what the thief did to him.One can argue that such a film was essential in Italy as through this family we have the opportunity of being a bystander to the horrendously forceful civil war amoungst fascists and its ongoing of killing and reprisals through eyesight how this effects one, and how not only effecting this family but many others. Italy in post-war was in desperate need of better and compassion even at the cost of a perceived injustice. (Paul Baxa, 2011) Like art, theatrical drama, writing and numbers cinema had the same power to reach to the masses, into their hearts and minds, and make them aware of the political and social conditions. better does not come from the government and leaders of the country, but comes from within the everyday man on the streets you and me. Thus, from the Riccis, those being affected by the war and living within such conditions as well as the audience viewing this film who can in many ways relate.In another scene, arguably the most sentimental scene yet what I believe portrays the political message more powerfully than any other- we see the fuck off and sons descent come to a mend. It is understood with looking into the Italian family lifestyle, that the father and sons relationship is by far the strongest and most special. Little Brunos appearance when taking his fathers hand in the last scene is merely a realistic point of life and is a means of facing life with your father an important part in Italian culture. With Bruno being the witness of the tragedy and finally coming to have his father is not a hero after all (contrary to Classic Hollywood), much like the audience being a witness too, this scene gives off a sense of aggravation, mortification, paradox and most of all acceptance to survival. These sentimental smellings therefore expresses the political statement as this ending of when the father and son take hands, expresses manhood and the hardship of survival one needs to go through with still looking for a sense of acceptance.Bazin (1971) explains this father/son scene as reaching puberty. Up to that moment the man has bee n like a god to his son and their relations came under the heading of admiration. By the fathers actions of becoming a thief, the father has in doing so compromised all heroism that his son had seen in him. However, this scene is seen as acceptance not only in survival, but also acceptance of ones father and supposed role model. He will love him henceforth as a human being, shame and all. (Bazin, 1971 pg 54) This scene inevitabely becomes a deceptive one, as the truth and reality of this acceptance and now found happiness through the fathers wrong doings, depends all on the central object the bicycle.Bicycle Thieves therefore inevitably portrayed the political statement through expressing the social conditions without expressing solutions. One might argue that this is a downfall, however at this moment in time solutions were not theoretical and if healing was going to occur it was going to have to come from the people. Thus, this film is inevitably awareness that needs to be found in each individual, which will create its own solution. Much like the theme and characters inevitably creating a plot on its own in Neorealism. The neorealist approach doesnt have an intact political statement solution, as the most widespread attribute of neorealism is on location shooting and the feeling of truth. (John Stubbs, 2010) Exactly what Bicycle Thieves so effectively does. One must also remember when viewing this film in the 21st century that twenty-five percent of the Italian workforce was unemployed at the time (William Heuvel, 2008) and if you were employed, getting to work was with the use of a bicycle. The object of the bicycle thus symbolized survival.In conclusion, one can therefore justifiably argue that the sentimental nature of Bicycle Thieves does not overwhelm the political statement but essentially enhances it. If the political statement made in the film was to feed off a means of a solution, and the solution could only be found in the common individual lik e the Riccis family then one needs to understand the individuals situation as well as have an opportunity to walk in their shoes. Through sentiment that is not overly used in this film, one can see the hardship for survival through the story of these characters in order to become aware, as well as stay intrigued. Without focalizing power of the central character but rather the political statement through the characters, this film uses The death of one man is a tragedy, the death of millions is a statistic. (Joseph Stalin, 1953) to its advantage by effectively showing the tragedy of individuals with indication to the masses statistic through apparent rawness and emotional intensity focused on such political and social problems. (P. Adams Sitney, 1995)